Smooth solidify of makings of oar of pottery and porcelain becomes form character to consider to reach its project to apply quickly

Material of pottery and porcelain, label with metallic stuff and high polymer material current material of 3 large solid body, have high temperature strength function of outstanding, wear-resisting is advantageous, adiabatic quality good, density is low with anticorrosive function beautiful 5 large dominant positions, in numerous function the develop a school of one's own in the project material of each different [1] . But because material of pottery and porcelain has hardness,difference of tall, tenacity, machinability is differred wait for defect, difficulty of treatment of component of high accuracy, complex pottery and porcelain is great, cost is high, because part of this complex pottery and porcelain uses technology of colloidal state figuration more,make [2] , but this kind of craft all needs a mould to make oar of pottery and porcelain expects figuration, and the mould of complex part makes cycle grow, cost is high, the craft factor that affects figuration precision is much, cannot satisfy sheet the demand that pre production and spare parts prototype create. The spare parts of pottery and porcelain that is based on fast figuration is direct workmanship need not mould, can shorten production cycle, reduce production cost, the heat that because this makes take shape of material of pottery and porcelain,studies [3] . In craft of numerous and fast figuration, smooth solidify craft has the advantage with figuration tall precision, this task chose smooth solidify craft to make ceramics directly, namely technology of smooth solidify of pottery and porcelain (Ceramic Stereolithography, CSL) . Technology of smooth solidify of pottery and porcelain is in adding powder of pottery and porcelain the solution that Ke Guanggu changes, make powder of pottery and porcelain dispersive in solution through high speed agitate even, the oar of pottery and porcelain of content of appearance of preparation high firm, low viscosity expects, make oar of pottery and porcelain expects next the direct on smooth solidify forming machine solidify that chase a layer, cumulative get biscuit of spare parts of pottery and porcelain, pass finally dry, defatted get part of pottery and porcelain with the aftertreatment craft such as agglomeration [4-6] . Smooth solidify becomes form craft to had compared maturity in respect of prototype of the colophony that make quickly, but use this craft to make complex ceramics directly (include casting mould of complex pottery and porcelain) technology, university of domestic only Tsinghua is right the smooth solidify craft that oar of pottery and porcelain of colophony radical PZT expects began preliminary research [7] , but the open story that did not see follow-up research. Abroad had had a lot of orgnaizations to begin relevant research. The school of pottery and porcelain of national and advanced industry that at present main research organization includes France (national and ENSIC-INPL) , advanced chemical college (science of ENSCI) , France and technical communication center (ESTER Technopole)[8-10] ; The university of Italy that pull examine (Uniersit à Di Lecce)[11] ; The university installs American Mixiegen school of graceful fort cent (University Of Michigan, ann Arbor)[12-14] ; Princeton university (Princeton University)[15-16] ; Toronto university of Canada (the Osaka university of University Of Toronto)[17] and Japan (Osaka University) [18-19] . Afore-mentioned research organizations use makings of oar of colophony radical pottery and porcelain to come more figuration pottery and porcelain, colophony of content of high firm appearance base the viscosity that oar of pottery and porcelain expects is taller, and in the generation in the aftertreatment a large number of waste gas pollute an environment, accordingly this task puts forward to use makings of oar of water radical pottery and porcelain to make part of pottery and porcelain. Fast figuration craft regards a kind of material as cumulative figuration craft, its are basic the figuration precision that the character of figuration unit will affect fast and archetypal part directly. Change technology in the light of smooth solid for, odd solidify line is unit of basic take shape, the existence of grain of pottery and porcelain brings about incident laser to produce scattering, the solidify character that makes oar of pottery and porcelain expects and traditional photosensitive colophony are different. This task expects from oar of Shui Jitao porcelain odd a solidify line and monolayer solidify stratification angle sets out, parameter of craft of forming machine of research smooth solidify (if laser power, laser scans speed) to sheet solidify line outline (odd a solidify line ply of wide, solidify) span of the scanning in influence and monolayer solidify process and scanning speed are opposite of monolayer solidify ply, to choose proper technology parameter, improve pottery and porcelain then figuration precision provides reference. Makings of oar of water radical pottery and porcelain is used to regard photosensitive as material in test data and equipment experiment, include to mix juice beforehand (amine of amine of the collosol that contain silicon, propylene acyl, acyl of N-N methylene double propylene, third 3 alcohol) , 1173(2- hydroxyl - methylic phenyl propane - 1- ketone) (smooth initator) , polypropylene acerbity natrium (dispersive agent) with 2 oxidation silicon, bead diameter is respectively 1.

8 μ M, 5 μ M and 8 μ M. The weight of small pink of the pottery and porcelain in oar makings is compared for 68 ％ . The forming machine of SPS450B smooth solidify that figuration equipment opens intelligent machine company to produce for Shaanxi constant, detect equipment has powermeter of VHX-600 optics microscope, laser and facula analyzer to wait. The scattering of grain of pottery and porcelain and process of solidify of traditional photosensitive colophony are different, pottery and porcelain is put in the grain of pottery and porcelain of a large number of in suspension in oar makings, grain of these pottery and porcelain become center of incident scattering of light, cause scattering for many times, bring about makings of oar of pottery and porcelain to show the solidify character that differs with photosensitive colophony, graph 1 for photosensitive colophony and Shui Jitao porcelain oar expects odd a solidify line is sectional the contrast of outline. By the graph 1 knowable, relative to Yu Guangmin colophony, the solidify line that oar of water radical pottery and porcelain expects is broad increase and solidify ply is reduced, solidify outline is relatively compressed, bring about the reason of this phenomenon to depend on grain of many pottery and porcelain for many times scattering changed the transmission way that stimulates beam of light, weakened the light exposure on former transmission way, and enhanced scanning beam the light exposure of two side, from macroscopical go up to be sheet with respect to expression the solidify width of solidify line increases. What oar of pottery and porcelain expects is odd a solidify line sheet solidify line is the mainest figuration unit, what accordingly this task expects oar of Shui Jitao porcelain is odd the line regards a solidify as research target. What expect as a result of oar of pottery and porcelain is odd a solidify line is relatively fine, be out of shape easily in cleaning a process, affect the accuracy that test result measures. For this, this task put forward a kind to avoid sheet method of solidify line metabolic, use a spare parts to prop up namely will make sheet solidify line, raise its whole stiffness thereby, particular procedure and test result are shown 2 times like the graph. By the graph 2 knowable, get sheet of makings of oar of water radical pottery and porcelain solidify line can adopt the following measure: Use CAD software to design the square system that a belt caves first; In data processing software the hand is moved add orthogonality to prop up; Include in the figuration on forming machine next prop up and all round a when strengthen a structure; Take out the monolayer after solidify caution to be cleaned clean finally, dry hind will can obtain sheet solidify line. Will odd a solidify line intercept, put section below optical microscope to observe sectional form appearance next, measure solidify line wide with solidify ply. This method advantage is: Figuration rate is rapid, odd an integral intensity is higher, processing is convenient, can avoid sheet of solidify line be out of shape. (1) ν of different scanning speed is right odd the influence of Cd of ply of a solidify line wide Lw, solidify and sectional outline. Because laser expects in oar of pottery and porcelain exterior light exposure follows scanning rate,change (if laser power is changeless) , because this scans,the change of speed can affect sheet the solidify outline of solidify line. Use afore-mentioned methods to obtain the sheet below ν of different scanning speed the sample of solidify line, benefit observes sectional outline with optical microscope, express the 1 sheet when be different scanning speed a group of measured value of Lw of solidify line width and ply Cd. By the watch the measurement of 1 the result is knowable, when laser power is secured, odd the accretion that Cd of ply of a wide Lw of solidify line line, solidify all follows scanning speed ν and reduce, as similar as photosensitive colophony. But scattering action makes the solidify ply decrescent of incident laser, solidify width increases, and solidify width all is more than solidify ply, in making clear the scattering that expects in incident laser and oar of Shui Jitao porcelain and absorption, scattering phenomenon holds dominant position. Increase along with scanning speed ν , cd/Lw ratio increases, the specification increases as scanning speed, laser expects in oar of pottery and porcelain medium energy density is reduced, the scattering effect that causes makings of oar of pottery and porcelain is reduced. According to test data, but the relation between a wide Lw of odd solidify line line and solidify ply Cd and scanning speed ν , if pursue,3 are shown. Nextpage 　 by the graph 3 knowable, as the addition of scanning speed, incident laser expects in oar of pottery and porcelain the light exposure of fluid face is reduced subsequently, cause solidify string wide increase along with scanning speed with solidify ply and reduce, should scan especially speed under 2000mm/s when. Plan to close through the curve undertaking in Origin, can discover sheet concern to fail an index between ply of the solidify width of scanning beam, solidify and scanning speed. (2) of Dp of parameter of photosensitive of makings of oar of pottery and porcelain and Ec affirmatory. The photosensitive character parameter that measures photosensitive material has 2 commonly: It is the critical light exposure that oar of pottery and porcelain expects, although oar of pottery and porcelain expects change is the lowermost light exposure of gel condition (Ec) ; The 2 transmission deepness that are makings of oar of pottery and porcelain (Dp) , namely the distance that incident laser falls to handle side leaving fluid for fluid face 1/e in the light exposure on transmission way. These two parameter mirrorred the absorption of this photosensitive material to laser ability and solidify are difficult easy degree, because this determines,the Ec of makings of oar of specific pottery and porcelain and Dp appear very important. Can roll out sheet according to Beer-Lambert law the academic equation of Cd of solidify line ply is 　 (1) 　 among them, dp is transmission deepness, it is the function of diameter of content of appearance of solid of makings of oar of pottery and porcelain, bead and grain of pottery and porcelain and the difference that mix fluid refractive index beforehand; E expects in oar of pottery and porcelain for laser exterior light exposure; Ec is the critical light exposure that oar of pottery and porcelain expects, interconnected system of initator, as only as light system and content of appearance of solid of pottery and porcelain are concerned, the solidify ply that can expect through measuring oar of pottery and porcelain reachs light exposure, use formula (1) gets these 2 parameter. The expression of light exposure E is (2) 　 among them, p expects in oar of pottery and porcelain for laser exterior power (measure so that be 270mW by powermeter) , w0 expects in oar of pottery and porcelain for laser exterior radius (measure so that be 70 μ M by facula analyzer) , ν is laser scanning rate, can be in smooth solidify forming machine direct set. Scanning rate is changed on smooth solidify forming machine, make its are added from 1500mm/s to 4000mm/s, measure sheet line solidify ply, the basis is formulary (2) , if the relation that reachs ν of speed of exposure energy E, scanning reachs solidify ply Cd expresses 2 to show. The basis is expressed 2 in data, it is the abscissa and ordinate respectively with light exposure E and value of solidify ply Cd, undertake in Origin software numerical value plans to close, of attainable both plan to close to be like a graph point-blank 4 are shown. Plan to add up to equation to be in what get in Origin: (3) 　 from this, can get the photosensitive parameter that oar of this pottery and porcelain expects: Transmission deepness Dp=60.

95 μ M, ec=e2 of critical light exposure.

76=15.

8mJ/cm2. With colophony of commonly used photosensitive (the Somos14120 that is like DSM) photograph comparing, its are critical light exposure Ec is 6.

8 MJ/cm2, penetration Dp=0.

12mm, the penetration that oar of Shui Jitao porcelain expects is less than content of knowable Gao Guxiang photosensitive colophony, and critical light exposure is more than photosensitive colophony. Will formulary (2) bring formula (3) in, can get: (4) M of μ of 　 general W0=70, p=270mW brings formula (in 4) , can get: (5) 　 is formulary (the unit of ν of speed of the scanning in 5) is Mm/s, the unit of Cd is μ M, this formula is namely when laser power P is 270mW, odd the computation between a Cd of solidify line ply and scanning speed ν is formulary. For test and verify this formula is right, test data and formula (5) forecast a result to undertake contrast, graph 5 gave out this formula forecasts result and the contrast that measure an outcome actually. By the graph 5 knowable, inside the limits that is located in 1000~4000mm/s when scanning speed, formulary (5) forecast result and experiment to measure an outcome basic be identical, what because this can use this forecast a model to calculate different scanning rate,fall is odd a line solidify ply, provide a basis to choose scanning career. 　 of monolayer solidify feature to ensure the abidance of craft of smooth solidify figuration undertakes, stick with respect to what must assure photograph adjacent layer receive, namely monolayer solidify ply must is more than statified ply, because this craft parameter is right the influence rule research of ply of solidify of monolayer of makings of oar of water radical pottery and porcelain is very necessary. In expecting to prevent oar of water radical pottery and porcelain solidify monolayer is cleaning a process, appear be out of shape, use with afore-mentioned sheet that make the method with solidify same line makes monolayer solidify layer, the span that reduces scanning beam is attainable odd solidify layer, subsequently will after its are abluent and dry, the sectional outline of odd solidify layer observes below optical microscope. Pass optical microscope observation, the sectional skeleton map that can obtain diverse line span to lay odd solidify layer resembles. The odd solidify layer that the starch of Shui Jitao porcelain that makes different scanning span and scanning speed condition fall according to this method expects measures solidify thickness. The basis measures an outcome, get the impact of monolayer solidify ply and scanning span and scanning speed, if pursue,6 are shown. By the graph 6 knowable, when scanning span Hs>0.

When 2mm, ld and Cd difference are lesser, when Hs ≤ 0.

When 2mm, ld is ambitious at Cd, this shows the scanning span impact to ply of solidify of odd solidify layer is bigger, when choosing craft parameter, should first consideration. When Hs>0.

When 2mm, should scan only speed under 1000mm/s, ld just is more than 200 μ M likely. The photograph adjacent layer in figuration process is stuck receive Ld of ply of requirement monolayer solidify to must be more than 200 μ M, if choose bigger scanning span, the likelihood is gone against improve figuration efficiency. Application of Nextpage 　 project regards a structure as pottery and porcelain and functional pottery and porcelain, material of pottery and porcelain has tremendous applied latent capacity in many domains, but the difficulty of figuration brings about its application to be restricted badly. The complex pottery and porcelain that smooth solidify of pottery and porcelain is versed in skill realizes a structure to be able to accuse quite make directly quickly, and its make cost and ceramics complex degree has nothing to do, because this can reduce complex pottery and porcelain considerably production cost, material of stimulative pottery and porcelain gets applied in more domain. (Spare parts of 1) pottery and porcelain. Relative to the metallic spare parts at the tradition, the wearability of spare parts of pottery and porcelain, anti-corrosive wait with high temperature capability unusually outstanding, suit to be used at special operating mode condition, wait like lamina of high temperature heat exchanger, pottery and porcelain, impeller. Use craft of smooth solidify of pottery and porcelain to be able to make the part of pottery and porcelain with complex structure, with traditional pottery and porcelain production method photograph is compared, its cycle is short, cost is low, mechanical performance is similar. Graph the biscuit of the impeller of 7 pottery and porcelain that use craft of smooth solidify of pottery and porcelain to make for Xi'an traffic university and lamina. (2) nicety is cast. The nicety that fusible pattern foundry technology can realize aviation engine lamina to wait is cast, but the workmanship of casting mould is complex, the factor that affects quality of blade casting mould and precision is more, the n that brings about blade is inferior. Craft of smooth solidify of pottery and porcelain makes of blade casting mould model core, model the unifinication of housing is made become a possibility, need not fusible pattern casts the process that make case to hang oar, sand, dewax mediumly, model core and model housing is assembled wait for trival measure, simplified greatly not only the production process of casting mould, and can shape have more complex and exterior model the blade casting mould of face and internal composition. This study in aviation engine the nicety of hollow turbine lamina casts a respect to have wide applied perspective, institute of advanced production technology is opposite Xi'an traffic university the research that this already had earlier stage, graph the 8 blade casting mould that to use water radical makings of oar of pottery and porcelain of 2 oxidation silicon makes. (3) organizes a project. Configuration copy is unripe make be born with structural copy making is the important method that constituent project and artificial joint implement functional copy to be born. Human body skeleton has exterior pattern irregular, the characteristic with internal small complex composition. Before production method and craft satisfy his hard special strength and structural configuration requirement. The craft of direct smooth solidify that oar of biology pottery and porcelain expects is had can charge a sex precision of strong, treatment tall, n is advanced characteristic, the oar makings that in avoiding to use gel to note procedure of modular craft figuration, appears distributings not all, dry, appear in the flow such as drawing of patterns rupture wait for a problem, simplified the technological process that biology ceramic makes, shortened production time, the biology pottery and porcelain that rose to have small structure and irregular exterior pattern is made production precision and biology function. (4) photon crystal. Photon crystal is a kind of man-made that two kinds of material with different dielectric constant arrange place to form according to certain cycle in the space " crystal " structure, its are basic and characteristic include region of bureau of photon forbidden band, photon and special optics characteristic, the earliest be by American E.

Yablonovitch and S.

John was studying what put forward independently severally when region how to restrain initiative radiate and the photon bureau in having foreword dielectric material respectively 1987 [20] . Photon crystal puts forward in optical domain at first, but the measure as a result of optical wave band is very small, treatment craft demand is high, so crystal of the artificial photon that make is put in certain difficulty. This is planted later periodic put a relation to expand to microwave domain through shrinking, the difficult problem on treatment not answer exist [21] . Photon crystal has application in the many respects such as microwave, antenna and optics, if be used at making filter, wave guide, syntonic antrum, antenna,wait. Graph the 9 diamond structures that use craft of smooth solidify of pottery and porcelain to make for Xi'an traffic university are three-dimensional photon crystal, japanese Osaka university made a respect also begin a system to consider in photon crystal to this craft [18-19] . This task offerred conclusion one kind gets sheet of makings of oar of Shui Jitao porcelain quickly the method of solidify line and odd solidify layer, studied water radical the smooth solidify that oar of pottery and porcelain of 2 oxidation silicon expects is characteristic, get the following verdict through research: (1) scattering is to affect the main factor of character of solidify of makings of oar of water radical pottery and porcelain, make the solidify that porcelain oar makings shows Shui Jitao to differ with photosensitive colophony characteristic. (2) is odd the solidify line of a scanning beam is broad with solidify ply all with scanning negative index relation appears between speed, as similar as photosensitive resinous rule, but wide ambitious Yu Jigu turns its solidify line ply, the scattering in the interaction that makes clear makings of oar of pottery and porcelain and laser holds dominant position. (Ec is more than the critical light exposure that oar of 3) Shui Jitao porcelain expects common photosensitive colophony, and penetration Dp is less than photosensitive colophony, because of this solidify makings of oar of water radical pottery and porcelain needs higher light exposure. (The monolayer solidify ply that the oar of pottery and porcelain of tie-in relation influence between span of 4) scanning beam and scanning speed expects, the scanning beam span that when Shui Jitao porcelain oar expects is less than 0.

When 2mm, if scanning speed is less than 2000mm/s, ply of its monolayer solidify is more than 200 μ M; Be more than when scanning beam span 0.

When 2mm, scanning speed makes under the ability when 1000mm/s monolayer solidify ply is more than 200 μ M, show craft parameter chooses to may affect pottery and porcelain figuration efficiency, because this is in process of craft parameter selection must balance is both the relation between. (Oar of 5) pottery and porcelain expects figuration of direct smooth solidify is the efficient way that settles spare parts of complex structure pottery and porcelain to make, this technology is in the respect such as bracket of bone of crystal of casting mould of lamina of complex pottery and porcelain, pottery and porcelain, photon, biology has good application. This one technology will become fast figuration to make new development way. CNC Milling